In its landmark decision in Actavis UK Ltd v Eli Lilly and Co, the UK Supreme Court
held that the scope of protection afforded by a patent claim will sometimes “extend
beyond” the meaning of the words of the claim, even when those words are read
contextually. The Court also provided a structured approach to determining when
extended protection is appropriate. This article considers what Actavis means for
Canadian law. Part I argues that the Actavis approach represents a refinement of existing
Canadian law, not a revolution. In the leading Supreme Court of Canada companion cases
on claim construction, Free World Trust v Électro Santé Inc and Whirlpool Co v Camco
Inc, the Court held that claim construction in Canadian law was, and always had been,
based on purposive construction, including an identification of the essential elements of
the claim. The extended protection of Actavis stems from the same recognition that
omission of non-essential elements does not avoid infringement. Part II will argue that the
Actavis approach is also sound as a matter of policy.
I am not sure about the soundness of the Actavis approach as it opened the door to "Anticipation by equivalents".
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